What types of distances make up total stopping distance?

Total stopping distance is composed of three distinct segments: perception distance, reaction distance, and braking distance.

Perception distance is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment a driver sees a hazard until they recognize it and decide to take action. This is crucial because it encompasses the driver's awareness and the initial acknowledgment of a need to stop.

Reaction distance refers to the distance a vehicle travels while the driver is moving their foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after recognizing the need to stop. This timeframe is critical because it factors in the delay in responding to the hazard after the perception is complete.

Braking distance is the distance required to come to a complete stop once the brakes are applied. This distance is influenced by several factors, including the vehicle's speed, road conditions, and brake efficiency.

Together, these three components combine to form the total stopping distance. Understanding this concept is essential for safe driving, especially when determining the appropriate following distance behind other vehicles or adjusting speeds in different driving conditions.